Parks was a long-time member of the Montgomery chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which she joined in 1943. Parks was a civil rights activist before her arrest. Gayle case that resulted in the Supreme Court ruling bus segregation unconstitutional. The four were plaintiffs in the Browder v. (Parks was involved in raising defense funds for Colvin.) Three other African American women-Aurelia Browder, Mary Louise Smith and Susie McDonald-also ran afoul of the bus segregation law prior to Parks. Nine months before Parks was jailed, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin was the first Montgomery bus passenger to be arrested for refusing to give up her seat for a white passenger. Parks was not the first African American woman to be arrested for refusing to yield her seat on a Montgomery bus.
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